Ann's Drafts

Draft 1
INTRO
The severe apartheid etc resulting in a normalcy with regardes to the hatred between the peoples of ireland.
this appartheid is easily comparable to the physical wall built between the two peoples of Dr Seuss' book.
A few areas where this appartheid is apparent are in education, employment and housing.

EDUCATION
-the children of either community never got the chance to come thogeather for example in school, and perhaps make friends which would possibly have lead to a resoloution. this is because of the segregation in the irish schools which, again, very clearly relates to the wall devideing Yooks and Zooks. "Differences in curriculum content may contribute to the development of a sense of identity and difference. For example, Irish is taught in all Catholic grammar schools, but in no Protestant schools. Recent evidence indicates that Catholic schools place an emphasis on arts/humanities courses and Protestant schools on science courses, though this is changing." "Darby et al. (1977) argue that segregated schooling causes social apartheid; the very separation of Catholic and Protestant children into different schools encourages suspicion and develops group differences and tribal loyalties." (CAIN)

EMPLOYMENT
it is difficult to proove but there were signs of direct discrimination between the two opposing parties during the Troubles. It was evident that the unemployment rate was higher among the Catholics of North ireland.

"Direct discrimination occurs when a person is intentionally denied employment, or provided with employment, on the basis of some characteristic that is unrelated to the job sought. The 1976 Fair Employment Act made such direct discrimination, on the basis of religious affiliation or political belief, illegal in Northern Ireland, even in circumstances where an employer denied someone a job for benign reasons: for example, an employer might have felt that in a predominantly Protestant workforce, it might not be safe for a Catholic to be employed (or vice-versa). Under the 1976 Act this consideration was insufficient and illegal to apply. "(CAIN)

"after taking account of the factors included in the model, the difference in the rate of unemployment between Protestants and Catholics is somewhat reduced, compared with the simple rates, but it remains substantial. In fact, for the typical group selected, the rate of unemployment predicted for Catholics is almost double the rate for Protestants in most travel to work areas. ... It is possible to put forward more detailed theories of the social processes that lead to the difference in rates of unemployment, but in the end such theories rest on the assumption that Catholics are somehow channeled into disadvantaged sectors of the labour market. Apart from discrimination or unequal opportunities, no adequate explanation of how they are confined within such sectors has yet emerged."(CAIN)

HOUSING
Geographical segregation is perhaps the most blatent similarity between the Northern Ireland Troubles and the Butter Battle Book. Just like the actual physical wall in Seuss' book, the peoples of ireland have been separated by neighborhood since the 17th century.

"The summers of 1969 and 1971 saw a huge movement of population in a number of areas of Northern Ireland but particularly in Belfast (Darby and Morris 1974). As the civil unrest continued many families were forced to move, because of intimidation, out of mixed areas. The scale of the enforced movements was large: "Our estimate of the total ... in the Belfast area between August 1969 and February 1973 is between 8,000 families (minimum) and approximately 15,000 families (maximum)....roughly between 6.6% and 11.8% of the population of the Belfast Urban area." (Darby and Morris 1974 Summary page c). " (CAIN)

"The divisions between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland manifest themselves in a number of ways. One of the most important of these is the geographical segregation of the two main religious groups. In addition to being considered an outcome of the religious divisions in the society some would argue that residential segregation is one of the main elements which sustains division." (CAIN)

"Northern Ireland has been a religiously segregated society since the plantations in the 17th century. The extent of geographical separation has not been constant but has varied with the incidence of political and civil unrest. During more settled periods the natural process of population movement within the region has produced areas where mixing resulted in sizable minorities of one community or the other. However these mixed areas, particularly those which were working class or close to demarcation lines, have proved to be very unstable during times of unrest. "

-Still needs a conclusion

Draft 2

“Hug your neighbour and hug your neighbour's tree,” is the philosophy of an environmentally-aware, Irish based smoothie company. This idea of living harmonically with ones neighbour hasn't always operated so smoothly in Ireland. “The Butter Battle Book”, a story written by Dr. Seuss, depicts the separation of the Yooks and the Zooks by a wall, a situation that is easily comparable to that of the apartheid between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland during the Troubles. The troubles in Ireland resulted in an intense apartheid between Protestants and Catholics. There are many venues in which this separation is apparent, such as in public education, employment and housing. The schools of Northern Ireland are as separated as its people. “example” these differences in curriculum only widen the gap between Protestant and Catholic children.(CAIN) The wall between the children of the two opposing faiths in Northern Ireland was not always so distinct, explain with concrete example, the wall has grown overtime in the same way that the wall depicted in The Butter Battle Book eventually grows so high that a Yook cannot “look a Zook in the eye”. The employment rate of catholics is significantly lower than the employment rate of protestants (number?/ statistic??) , (2 classes of society, one richer/ working).(CAIN) Geographical segregation is the most literal comparison that can be drawn between the Troubles of Northern Ireland and the consequences of the Butter Battle. Much like the brick wall in Seuss' book, the peoples of Northern Ireland have been separated by neighbourhood since the 17th century.(CAIN) (the protestants living strictly in the Northern district....or whatever it is...) All three cases have a significant impact on the lives and mentality of the Irish people and enforces the divide that they had built between them. This apartheid kept many Irish from understanding their neighbours, let alone hugging them.

Draft 3

“Hug your neighbour and hug your neighbour's tree,” is the philosophy of an environmentally-aware, Irish based smoothie company. This outlook on harmonious neighbourhoods isn't a philosophy that hasn't operated so smoothly in Ireland. “The Butter Battle Book”, a story written by Dr. Seuss, depicts the separation of the Yooks and the Zooks by a wall, a situation that is easily comparable to that of the apartheid between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland during the Troubles. The troubles in Ireland resulted in an intense apartheid between Protestants and Catholics. There are many venues in which this separation is apparent, such as in public education, employment and housing. The schools of Northern Ireland are as separated as its people. Differences in curriculum in these schools contributes to the development of a sense of identity and difference in the pupils. Irish is taught in all Catholic grammar schools, but not in Protestant schools. A difference in language would be a drastic factor in the separation of Irish children. "Recent evidence indicates that Catholic schools place an emphasis on arts/humanities courses and Protestant schools on science courses.”(CAIN) These differences in curriculum could push the childrens interests in different directions depending on the school that they attend, anouther deviding factor between Protestant and Catholic children. The wall between the children of the two opposing faiths in Northern Ireland has grown overtime, through their maturing in such a segregated system, in the same way that the wall depicted in The Butter Battle Book eventually grows so high that a Yook cannot “look a Zook in the eye”. Much like the brick wall in Seuss' book, the peoples of Northern Ireland have been separated by neighbourhood since the 17th century.(CAIN) Both cases have a significant impact on the lives and mentality of the Irish people and enforces the divide that they had built between them. This apartheid kept many Irish from understanding their neighbours, let alone hugging them.